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Found 195 search results for: Poland
Jan Marek Sztaudynger, Jan Jacek Sztaudynger (2022/1, Articles,
The Impact of Supply Bottlenecks on Investment Efficiency
In the paper, the impact of physical capital investments on macroeconomic growth is examined. The authors try to show to what extent it depends on the supply bottleneck (disequilibrium), which existed before the investment and which is eliminated by this investment. The narrower the bottleneck and the more it slows down macroeconomic growth, the more output growth will result from this (...)
Andrzej Czyżewski, Ryszard Kata, Anna Matuszczak (2022/1, Articles,
Expenditure of Poland’s Agricultural Budgets in the Context of Selected Macroeconomic Relations
The article analyses the dynamics and structure of agricultural expenditure in Polish state budgets in 1995–2020, which is the basis for considerations on the relationship between budget expenditure on agriculture and the dynamics of GDP and the dynamics of the state budget. The analysis concerned both nominal values and values adjusted by the CPI inflation index. In the pre-accession (...)
Jakub Kubiczek, Wojciech Derej, Angelika Kantor (2022/1, Articles,
Scientific Achievements of Economic Academic Workers in Poland: Bibliometric Analysis
University rankings take many features into account when making an evaluation. One of them are scientific achievements of employees. Based on the literature review, a research gap was identified and defined as the lack of comparisons of scientific achievements, at least in terms of citations, among research workers of economic universities in Poland. The aim of the article was defined as (...)
Bogumiła Mucha-Leszko, Czesław Skowronek (2022/1, Book Reviews,
Maciej Wysocki, Cezary Wójcik (2021/6, Articles,
In 2016–2019 Poland experienced a major social and fiscal policy shift: new government decreased the statutory retirement age and launched several new social programs, including the sweeping Family 500+ program under which social expenditure on family and children support increased suddenly from 1.5% to nearly 3% of GDP. Moreover, VAT gap reduction policies have been implemented swiftly (...)
Michał Schwabe (2021/4, Articles,
Due to unprecedented economic growth after the EU accession, four post-communist economies: Czechia, Hungary, Poland, and Slovak Republic (Visegrad Group, V4) have suffered from unsaturated demand in their labour markets. However, while undergoing the transition from net emigration into net immigration countries, the V4 governments unleashed anti-immigrant propaganda, which seems to have (...)
Łukasz Postek, Weronika Poświata (2021/3, Articles,
The authors analyse the relationship between the height of the employee and her (his) remuneration in the Polish labour market. They present a review of the literature suggesting the possibility of the existence of such a relationship on the theoretical grounds and the examples of empirical research confirming the occurrence of such a dependence in many countries. However, there have been (...)
Jagoda Kaszowska-Mojsa (2021/2, Articles,
Innovation Strategies of Polish Manufacturing Companies through the Business Cycle
The paper analyses the differentiation of innovation activities and strategies of Polish manufacturing companies during economic expansions (2004–2008 and 2013–2014) and slowdowns (2009–2013) of the Polish economy. The research is based on the data from five databases of the Central Statistical Office, which overlap with the Community Innovation Survey (CIS). It is found that because (...)
Jerzy Osiatyński (2021/1, In memoriam,
Domenico Mario Nuti, known as Mario Nuti, was an eminent Italian economist who most of his professional life spent in Cambridge, but for whom Poland has always been his beloved country and the top subject of research. His first field of study in Warsaw, under supervision of Michał Kalecki, was the Polish methodology of examining economic efficiency of investment projects which was rather (...)
Karolina Konopczak, Aleksander Łożykowski (2021/1, Articles,
Strengthening of the Polish tax system: estimating the impact on CIT collection
This article attempts to quantify a fiscal effect of regulatory actions undertaken in Poland in the years 2014–2018 aimed at strengthening the CIT legal framework, i.e. to estimate their impact on the size of the tax gap and, consequently, on the tax revenues. For this purpose an econometric approach to the estimation of changes in the CIT gap as well as to their decomposition into cyclical (...)
Sebastian Stępień, Jan Polcyn, Michał Borychowski (2021/1, Articles,
Determinants Of A Balanced Economic And Social Development Of Family Agricultural Farms In Poland
The discussion on a balanced development of small agricultural farms is justified by the importance of the very concept of a balanced economic and social development of agriculture and the important role of small family farms in the Polish agriculture. In this subject area, there is an evident research gap regarding cross-sectional research concerning small family farms. The analysis of (...)
Artur Wyszyński (2021/1, Miscellanea,
Insolvency Of Professional Football Clubs
The aim of the article was to estimate the risk of insolvency and the interdependence between risk indicators and their determinants (factors) in the clubs of the major football league in Poland in the years 2017–2019. The research included two stages. In the first stage, insolvency risk was calculated in the financial, legal and accounting sense of the term. In the second stage, basing on (...)
Andrzej Czyżewski, Ryszard Kata, Anna Matuszczak (2020/6, Articles,
Budget expenditure on agriculture is a means to achieve the objectives of agricultural policy. The expenditure of the Polish agricultural budget consists of national and European funds. The allocation, redistribution and stabilisation effects of budget expenditure on agriculture since the introduction of CAP instruments in Poland has been assessed in the context of the discussion on the (...)
Anna Mijal (2020/6, Articles,
Culture and economic education was the subject of one of the panel sessions of the 10th Congress of Polish Economists which took place in November 2019. In the new classification of scientific branches and disciplines introduced in Poland in 2018, economic sciences are not distinguished as a separate category. This raises the question about the identification of the directions and profiles (...)
Marek Rocki (2020/6, Articles,
Graduates of Economic Studies in the Labor Market – Analysis Based on the Example of the Year 2014
The aim of the article was to evaluate how the offer of Polish universities meets the labor market needs. For this purpose data from Polish graduate tracking system about the graduates of 2014 from the economy faculties was used. The evaluation was based on data for the 4th year after the graduation. It was showed that the alumni of public economy universities were better prepared to (...)
Lenka Přečková, Iveta Palečková (2020/6, Articles,
Evaluation of Technical Efficiency of Insurance Companies in the Visegrad Group Countries
The aim of the paper is to estimate the technical efficiency of insurance providers in the Visegrad Group countries in the period 2009–2016 using data envelopment analysis (DEA). The insurance sector in these countries underwent significant changes in the analysed period. during the last two decades. According to the results of the analysis, the average efficiency of insurance companies was (...)
Małgorzata Wachowska, Magdalena Homa (2020/6, Miscellanea,
The importance of inventions for development processes is all the greater the more often they are used by others when generating new knowledge. With this in mind, the aim of the article was to determine the extent to which Polish inventions diffuse in the global economy – which was measured by the frequency of their citation – and to indicate the factors underlying this phenomenon. A (...)
Levent Şahin, Dilek Kutluay Şahin (2020/6, Miscellanea,
Impact of Industrial Robot Use on Exports in European Countries – an Empirical Analysis
In this paper, the relationship between the volume of export and the number of industrial robots in the selected European countries is examined by using the simultaneous equation models. Panel data of Austria, Belgium, Czechia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom are used. The study covers (...)
Leszek Kucharski, Eugeniusz Kwiatkowski (2020/5, Articles,
The Labour Market Situation of Population Groups and the State of the Polish Economy
The paper considers the situation of different population groups in the labour market in Poland under good and poor economic conditions. The groups were defined using criteria such as gender, age, educational attainment and the place of residence. As the measures of their situation, unemployment and employment rates, the flow rates between unemployment, employment and inactive, and (...)
Iwona Jakubowska-Branicka, Bartłomiej Walczak, Krzysztof Waliszewski (2020/5, Articles,
Based on secondary and primary research, the determinants of the development of the non-bank loan market in Poland were characterized from an economic and sociological perspective. These determinants influence the change of the lending institution model, taking into account the average loan amount, distribution channel and final buyer profile. From 2015, the loan sector, which was initially (...)
Jakub Sukiennik (2020/5, Miscellanea,
Regulation of the Drug Market in Poland in 1997–2005 and the Equilibrium of the Institutional System
The aim of the article is to describe and attempt to explain the course of legal changes in the scope of transformations of the Drugs Prevention Act (UPN) in Poland in 1997–2005 from the perspective of the new institutional economy. However, the punishment for possession of drugs remains a particular area of interest. An additional intention is to attempt to answer the question whether (...)
Anna Odrobina, Paweł Folfas (2020/4, Articles,
Poland’s Participation in Global Value Chains: The Case of R&D Activity
The aim of the paper is to determine to what extent the R&D industry in Poland participates in global value chains (GVC), and to determine the place of this industry in these chains. The research tool is the participation in GVC index, being the sum of shares in these chains as a recipient of foreign components used in domestic production (participation index, backward), and as a supplier (...)
Karolina Goraus-Tańska, Zuzanna Osika (2020/3, Articles,
Tertiary Education Levels and Earnings in Poland and Some Other OECD Countries
The article presents an empirical analysis of the wage premium for education, with the consideration of different study levels for Poland and some other OECD countries. The available literature deals mainly with wage premium for higher education in general or with the rate of return for an additional year of study while the question of wage premium for different levels of tertiary education (...)
Agnieszka Domańska (2020/3, Articles,
The article aims to analyse on a comparative basis the effects of public investment spending on the economies of Poland and Portugal in the period 1996–2017. In the economic theory, there are divergent opinions as to the impact of expansionary fiscal policy on economic growth. The direct and indirect impact of the increasing government spending on the economy is one of the key questions in (...)
Izabela Młynarzewska-Borowiec (2020/3, Articles,
Income Gap between the New and Old EU Member States and Its Determinants in the Period 1996–2017
In the period 1996–2017 there was a significant progress in reducing income disparities between the new member countries of the EU (EU-13) and the old EU member states (EU-15). The successes of individual new EU members in overcoming their income distance to Western Europe were diversified. It can be assumed that the catching-up process depends on the differentiated set of GDP per capita (...)
Maciej Miszewski (2020/3, Book Reviews,
Henryk Domański (2020/2, Articles,
Changes in Social Stratification in Poland
The patterns of intergenerational mobility and marital choices are mostly applied indices of social openness or social distances. A weaker association between class position of parents and their children and a lower marital homogamy indicate that social class barriers are lower. Social stratification is also dependent on the rules of recruitment to occupational positions and on the (...)
Andrzej Sławiński (2020/2, Articles,
30 Years of Economic Transition in Poland from Central Bank Perspective
The successful economic transition in Poland was reflected in the uninterrupted GDP growth after stabilization and liberalization of the economy in the early 1990s. What helped to put economy on an equilibrium growth path was joining the European GVCs which facilitated a rapid buildup of export potential. During the global financial crisis of the 2007–2009 Poland was not seized by a banking (...)
Józef Orczyk (2020/1, Articles,
Regional Dimension of Social Policy
The article includes considerations and author’s proposals concerning the regional dimension of social policy. This aspect of social policy has not been investigated widely so far. The scope of regionalism and its forms are linked with the dominant social doctrine in a given country. They reflected in the ratio of territorial self-governments’ own incomes against those of the state budget (...)
Anna Nicińska (2020/1, Articles,
Non-Financial Support for the Old Generation in Polish Families
Present study examines nonfinancial support granted for older people in Poland and other European countries in order to understand the relationships between family structures and that support and to diagnose the challenges that the Polish population may face in this respect in the nearest future. The analysis is based on the data from the Survey on Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe (...)
Piotr Rubaj (2020/1, Miscellanea,
Emerging Markets: Prospective Directions for Polish Exports
Poland’s economy is closely connected with European markets, particularly within the European Union: almost 90% of Polish commodity export goes to European countries and 80% is absorbed by other EU countries. The common European market is absorptive, safe and stabile, and goods and services sold there are duty free. But the high concentration of exports in this market implies a strong (...)
Maria Magdalena Jagielska (2020/1, Miscellanea,
Cultural Involvement of Enterprises as a Part of Corporate Social Responsibility
The concept of Corporate Social Responsibility is now much better recognized and more widely discussed in Poland than before. The year 2018 was legislatively the first year in which, according to the directive of the European Union, large and medium- sized enterprises became obliged to report their CSR strategies or to explain the reasons of non-compliance. The article, referring to the (...)
Jan Marek Sztaudynger, Jan Jacek Sztaudynger (2019/6, Articles,
Economic Growth and Investments: the Role of Bottlenecks
The impact of fixed capital investments on economic growth is examined. The authors try to show to what extent it depends on the bottleneck (disequilibrium), which existed before the investment and which is eliminated by this investment. The narrower the bottleneck and the more it slows down economic growth, the more output growth will result from this investment. In order to verify this (...)
Eliza Przeździecka, Rumiana Górska, Andżelika Kuźnar, Jerzy Menkes (2019/6, Articles,
The Effects of EU–Japan Economic Partnership Agreement for Poland’s Economy
The article analyzes the impact of the EU–Japan Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) on Poland’s economy. The authors investigate the effects of a bilateral elimination of customs duties on the economy using the Computable General Equilibrium framework and the GTAP database. The impact of the bilateral elimination of customs duties on GDP, production, trade and social welfare in Poland is (...)
Aleksandra Kordalska, Magdalena Olczyk (2019/6, Articles,
Is Germany a Hub of ‘Factory Europe’ for CEE Countries?
The goal of the paper is to decompose gross exports and imports to/from Germany for seven selected economies in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE): the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Lithuania, Latvia, Poland and Slovakia for 2000 and 2014, in order to identify the role of Germany in absorbing, reflecting and redirecting CEE trade. The authors use a gross trade decomposition proposed by (...)
Levent Şahin (2019/6, Miscellanea,
Food Trade Dependency Index for EU28 Countries in the Context of Food Security
Food security is one of the most important issues in the contemporary world because nutrition is one of the basic needs of people. The changing climate and rising food prices affect negatively food security of the countries. The aim of this article was to determine the degree of food security in terms of food trade dependence for EU28 countries in the period 1999–2017. The method chosen was (...)
Karolina Goraus-Tańska, Marta Towalewska (2019/5, Articles,
Wage Differences In Poland Related To Employment Form
The article compares different employment forms existing in Poland and analyses wage gaps existing between them. The first part contains a literature review on dual labour markets and substandard employment forms. The second part describes the types of employment contracts existing in the Polish labour market and the scale of their use; it also compares the share of substandard employment (...)
Aneta Kosztowniak (2019/5, Articles,
Impact of the Financial Structure of FDI Inflows on Economic Growth in Poland
The aim of this paper is to analyse the impact of financial components of foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows on economic growth in Poland in the years 2004–2018, with special emphasis on the role of reinvestment of earnings. The following hypothesis has been put forward: As FDI inflows into Poland and enters the successive stages of its profitability life cycle, impact of equity on (...)
Tadeusz Truskolaski, Kamil Waligóra (2019/4, Articles,
The Role of the Białystok Science and Technology Park in Implementing the Smart City Concept
The article contains a critical analysis of the Triple Helix model – both on a theoretical plane and in the context of its application to the functioning of the Białystok Science and Technology Park (BSTP). The authors stress that the Triple Helix model should be adjusted to local conditions. Its implementation requires modifications that take into account both the current state and future (...)
Andrzej Czyżewski (2019/4, Discussion,
Łukasz Dwilewicz
(2019/4, Book Reviews,
Marcin Piątkowski: Europe’s Growth Champion. Insights from the Economic Growth in Poland
Krzysztof Waliszewski
(2019/4, Book Reviews,
Piotr Krajewski (2019/3, Articles,
Decomposing the Impact of Government Spending on GDP in Poland
Using structural vector autoregression model (SVAR), the author compared the efficiency of various categories of government expenditure in boosting economic activity in Poland. The empirical analysis, covering the period of 2002–2017, was made on quarterly data. The results of the examination show that, in line with theoretical premises, the strongest and long-lasting effect on GDP is (...)
Sylwia Morawska, Przemysław Banasik, Beata Woźniak-Jęchorek (2019/3, Articles,
The Handling of Business Lawsuits by Common Courts in Poland: Identification of Transaction Costs
The aim of the article is to identify factors influencing the transaction costs of the enforcement of contracts concluded between entrepreneurs in business matters. For the purpose of the article, a pilot study was conducted involving 210 court cases pending before the District Court in Gdańsk in the first instance after 2009, in which the judgment was issued in 2012 (the last 210 cases (...)
Łukasz Cywiński, Robert Pater (2019/2, Articles,
Optimal Size of the Public Sector in Poland in Terms of Employment
The paper contributes to the literature on the public sector optimal size. The most common approach to measure the optimal size of the public sector is based on government expenditures. The authors propose a broader approach to public sector size measurement and define it by the share in the gross value of fixed assets and the share in employment. The approach is based on the stocks of (...)
Mirosław Czekaj (2019/2, Articles,
The aim of the paper was to present an attempt of the integrated approach to the development problems of local government entities (LGE) concerning their indebtedness in a way covering two perspectives: budget and balance-sheet. Referring to the literature review, the author points to the fact that the LGE’s budget deficit can be higher than actually reported because of the mechanism of (...)
Mateusz Tomal (2019/2, Articles,
Contemporary economics recognizes that investment decisions are not always fully rational. The source of irrationality may be psychological inclinations involved in the decisionmaking process. These inclinations, called ‘behavioral factors’, take the form of heuristics, or intuitive opinions formulated quickly, and motivating factors. The aim of the paper was to analyse psychological (...)
Maciej Bałtowski, Grzegorz Kwiatkowski (2019/1, Articles,
State Enterprises in the Contemporary Economy: Poland Against a Background of the World
The aim of the article is a theoretical and empirical examination of the new major phenomenon of the contemporary global economy: a rise in the scope and importance of state enterprises. Special attention was given to the role of state enterprises in the Polish economy, considered against a background of world economy. The authors discuss first the methodological problems related to the (...)
Marcin Garbat (2019/1, Miscellanea,
System of Employment of People with Disabilities in Poland: Pigou contra Coase
According to Ronald Coase, the problem of external costs is twofold: negative external effects generated by one entity cause loss for another, but the suppression of injustice is automatically a loss for the first one; he argued that in the case of well-defined property rights and low transaction costs, the problem of external effects can be solved through transactions between parties (...)
Czesław Skowronek (2019/1, Book Reviews,
Rafał Klóska, Innovativeness as a Determinant of Regional Development in Poland
Janina Kotlińska (2018/5, Miscellanea,
Tax on Goods and Services and Its Exaction in Poland
The tax on goods and service (VAT) is the largest source of fiscal revenues in Poland, though a significant part of amounts due from this tax is not paid to the state budget. The article brings many informations about this tax, gaps and leakages existing in its collection and the attempts to tighten up its exaction. The author presents many statistical data from the period 2000–2017, which (...)
Kamila Kuziemska-Pawlak (2018/4, Articles,
The Determinants of Poland’s Current Account Balance
This paper tries to identify empirically the main determinants of the current account balance (CAB) to GDP ratio in Poland. It shows that an increase of the CAB to GDP ratio was supported by the process of real economic convergence and a rise in the general government balance to GDP ratio. In turn, an appreciation of the real effective exchange rate of the Polish zloty, an increase in the (...)
Piotr Krajewski, Agata Szymańska (2018/4, Articles,
The Significance of Military Spending in Evaluating Fiscal Policy Effects
The aim of this article is to analyze the impact of military spending shocks on GDP in the Czech Republic, Poland and Hungary. This study is based on SVAR model with identification scheme of O. Blanchard and R. Perotti. Our model includes three variables: real GDP, net taxes and military spending, which is more exogenous than other government spending. The results show that military (...)
Piotr Rubaj, Elżbieta Ważna (2018/4, Miscellanea,
Introducing Common Currency in Poland and Competitiveness of the Economy
This study develops a multilevel model of academic performance for Polish economists and investigates several factors correlated with individual publishing outcome. The data used are based on articles in the domain of economics published between 1999 and 2012 in five leading Polish journals and in foreign journals listed in Scopus and in Web of Science. The study argues that scientific (...)
Maciej K. Dudek (2018/3, Articles,
Equilibrium Discrepancy between GDP and GNP in Poland
In this paper a theoretical approach, based on Cobb-Douglas production function, is used to assess the difference between the GDP and GNP values in Poland. The results suggest that in the long run GDP in Poland will be about 9.5% higher than GNP implying that the actual income levels enjoyed by Polish nationals will be lagging those implied by GDP by about three years. Furthermore, the (...)
Maciej Bukowski, Piotr Koryś, Cecylia Leszczyńska, Maciej Tymiński, Nikolaus Wolf (2018/2, Articles,
Economic Growth of Polish Territories in the Period of First Globalization (1870–1910)
Economic growth of various countries in the period between 1870 and 1910 has been analysed in many quantitative studies. For the Polish territories there are two estimates of GDP per capita, which however cannot be treated as fully reliable. It should be noted that such estimates give rise to serious difficulties regarding methodology and data sources. In this case, a special problem is (...)
Waldemar Florczak, Wojciech Grabowski (2018/2, Articles,
Does It Pay to Take Legal Advice? Estimates of Miroceconomic Effects of Non-comercial Legal Advice
The paper aims to quantify individual monetary benefits due to non-commercial legal aid/advice. To this end an augmented Mincer income equation was employed whose parameters were estimated using representative survey data for Poland. To summarize the outcomes of the research one must affirmatively answer the question raised in the title to this article. Leaving justiciable problems on their (...)
Henryk Domański (2018/1, Articles,
The Effect of Education on Earnings Distribution in Poland, 1988–2013
The dependence between education and earnings is an important characteristic of social stratification. Using survey data on labour market the author analyses the evolution of this dependence in Poland in the period of 1988–2013 for different employment categories and various education levels (with some other control variables). The results indicate that, despite some fluctuation, the (...)
Paweł Strawiński, Aleksandra Majchrowska, Paulina Broniatowska (2018/1, Articles,
Wage Returns to Different Education Levels. Evidence from Poland
The aim of the paper is to analyse the changes in the wage premiums for workers with different types and levels of education in Poland in 1995–2013. Important changes regarding the educational structure of employees have taken place during this period. The share of employed with tertiary education has significantly increased and the share of employed with basic vocational education (...)
Leszek Wincenciak (2018/1, Articles,
The Impact of Horizontal and Vertical Educational Mismatches on Wages
The aim of the article was to assess the impact of horizontal and vertical educational mismatches on wages of various school graduates in Poland. (Horizontal mismatch is understood as formally the same educational level as required for the given job while vertical mismatch denotes another educational level than required for the given job, meaning undereducation or overeducation). The data (...)
Marek Rocki (2018/1, Miscellanea,
Market Valuation of the Graduates of Economic Studies in Poland
The article contains an analysis of the remuneration received by the 2014 graduates of the Polish schools conducting economic education on tertiary level; it also indicates some factors responsible for wage differentiation observed among them. The analysis is based on the data taken from the reports generated in the framework of the “Polish system of monitoring the fates of college (...)
Ewa Gałecka-Burdziak, Leszek Kucharski (2018/1, Miscellanea,
Discouraged and Added Workers in the Polish Labour Market
The paper presents statistical analysis of the flows between the labour force and the discouraged worker pool in Poland. The research is based on quarterly LFS data for the time period 1995–2016 in age and sex breakdowns. The authors assume that the outflow from the labour force to the discouraged worker pool approximates the discouraged worker effect, whereas the inflow to the labour force (...)
Mirosław Bochenek (2017/6, Articles,
In 1517, Nicolaus Copernicus, the Polish astronomic genius, completed the first version of his monetary treatise, entitled Meditata. On the quincentenary of that event, the author of the paper presents the main ideas incorporated in those treaties, assessing their role in the development of economic thought. The quoted treaty was the first economic thesis written in Poland; therefore, the (...)
Łukasz Ambroziak (2017/5, Articles,
The aim of the paper was to assess the competitive position of ten new EU member states of Central Eastern Europe in the trade in high and medium-high technology goods in the period 1995–2011. The competitive position in the trade in such goods is considered as an indicator of the country’s innovativeness. The assessment of this position of individual countries of the group was based on (...)
Jagoda Anna Kaszowska, Juan Luis Santos (2017/4, Articles,
The Role of Risk and Uncertainty Perception in Systemic Risk Assessment. The Agent-based Simulation
This article addresses the role of risk perception and uncertainty in the generation and amplification of systemic risk. The article highlights the factors that influence how financial institutions perceive risk (“perception of risk”) and how financial institutions, in turn, imagine themselves to be perceived by other financial and business entities (“perception of uncertainty”). The (...)
Mariusz Gasztoł, Piotr Śliwka (2017/4, Articles,
The Impact of the Exchange Rate on the Volume of Polish Commodity Exports to Germany, 1995–2013
The article presents the results of the analysis of the impact of the exchange rate on the volume of Polish commodity exports to Germany in the period 1995–2013. The analysis has been made on quarterly data with a VAR model. The regression equation explaining the dynamics of the export volume included, apart from the exchange rate of the Polish currency, the change in real GDP of Poland and (...)
Tomasz Sobczak (2017/3, Articles,
Edward Lipiński in Search for a Prospective Model of Socialist Economy
The intellectual legacy of Edward Lipiński is characterized by his interdisciplinary interests: apart from numerous publications on the history of Polish economic thought, there are many works on economic theory and social and economic policy in Poland. As an attentive and engaged economist, Lipiński criticized faults and perversions of the existing socialist economy and indicated the (...)
Artur Wyszyński (2017/3, Articles,
Efficiency of Football Clubs in Poland
Thea im of the paper was to assess and compare technical efficiency of two groups of football clubs in Poland with different legal form, which belonged to the first football league in the seasons 2013/14 and 2014/15. The first group was composed of the football clubs functioning as societies, while the second one included clubs acting as joint-stock companies. In order to assess technical (...)
International Return Migration and Remittances: the Regional Perspective
In this paper, the authors analyze empirically the determinants of return migration and the linkage between return migration and remittance behavior from the perspective of migrant source region. The study brings a new perspective to this topic, as the authors have directly identified return migrants and do not rely on the declared intentions to return, as in the previous studies. Using a (...)
Sławomir Juszczyk, Piotr Gołasa, Marcin Wysokiński (2016/5, Articles,
The paper deals with the redistributive function of the EU CAP to support farm incomes. The theoretical part presents evidence of state interventionism in agriculture and the justifi cation for its redistributive function. The empirical part contains an analysis of the impact of the fi nancial transfers received from the EU on income distribution among farmers in Poland in the period 2004 (...)
Anna Białek-Jaworska, Natalia Nehrebecka (2016/4, Articles,
Preferences of Polish Enterprises as Regards Debt Financing
The aim of the article is to identify main determinants of the preferences of private and public enterprises in Poland as regard debt financing. The investigation was made with help of an econometric model on a large enterprises sample for the period 1995–2012. Among the factors that determine capital structure, the authors tested the impact of profitability, cash flow, fixed capital (...)
Paweł Gajewski (2016/4, Articles,
Regional Phillips Curves in Poland and the Effectiveness of Monetary Policy
The aim of the paper is to show the relationship between the unemployment rate at regional level and the aggregate inflation at national level. The theoretical part of the paper discusses various concepts of the short-term Phillips curve and their implications for monetary policy. The empirical part brings an attempt to estimate non-linear short-term Phillips curves for Polish vojevodships (...)
Christoph Sowada (2016/4, Miscellanea,
Health Insurance Based on Payroll Tax and the Solidarity Principle: Assumptions and Experience
In the health care model prevailing in Poland and Germany, the health insurance fee, withdrawn as percent of the income earned (payroll tax), is treated as the basic tool for the implementation of the principle of social solidarity in the health domain. In practice, the use of this instrument does not guarantee equal access of all the citizens to public health services, nor does it divide (...)
Adam P. Balcerzak, Michał Bernard Pietrzak (2016/3, Articles,
Institutional effectiveness of European Union countries
The article is devoted to measuring the effectiveness of institutional systems of European Union countries in terms of their relevance to the requirements of the global knowledgebased economy. The theoretical analysis is based on the framework of new institutional economics with special consideration to economics of transaction costs. There are two main aims of the article. The main aim of (...)
The Emerging Model of Capitalism in Poland in the Light of Bruno Amable’s Typology
The aim of the paper is to define the model of capitalism emerging in Poland in the light of the typology of capitalist economies elaborated by Bruno Amable. The first part includes a review of the literature on institutional economics and the diversity of capitalism. The key aspect of theoretical reasoning is the typology of the varieties of capitalism proposed by B. Amable. The second (...)
Joanna Tyrowicz, Wojciech Hardy (2016/2, Articles,
An Attempt at Empirical Verification of the Efficiency Wage Hypothesis in Poland
The efficiency wage hypothesis suggests that wages are higher than labour productivity in labour markets where workers may shirk. The paper presents an attempt to verify empirically prevalence of efficiency wages in Poland. We utilize Labour Force Survey data for the years 1995–2010. Our identification strategy relies on differences in residuals from the Mincer wage regression between (...)
Patrycja Graca-Gelert (2016/2, Articles,
The Impact of the EU-entry Related Migration on Income Inequality in Poland
This paper attempts to investigate the direct effects of remittances related to the EU entry migration on income inequality (household equivalised disposable income) in Poland in 2008-2011. The analysis was carried out by applying two methods of the Gini coefficient decomposition by income sources. The analysis is based on household budget surveys data on income. The Gini decomposition (...)
Beata Kasprzyk (2016/2, Miscellanea,
The main aim of the paper was to construct and test a discrimination model as a tool helpful in the empirical analysis of economic well-being, as regards subjective assessments of the financial status and budget management in households. The author has developed and estimated a discrimination model (based on 2012 survey data from a South-Eastern region of Poland), which evidences signifi (...)
Stanisław Rudolf (2016/2, Book Reviews,
Andrzej K. Koźmiński, Adam Noga, Katarzyna Piotrowska, Krzysztof Zagórski (2016/1, Articles,
In Search of Non-fragility of the Socio-economic System: Using the Synthetic BDI Index
The paper presents a new composite Balanced Development Index (BDI), named “ALK Indicator”, applied to analyse and predict socio-economic changes in Poland during 1999-2015 period. This is done because traditional measures of economic development, such as GDP growth, infl ation, state budget etc., are insuffi cient for assessing and forecasting socio-economic situation of the country (...)
Elżbieta Wojnicka-Sycz (2016/1, Articles,
Innovativeness as a Growth and Development Factor in Poland: an Attempt at Empirical Verification
Innovativeness, refl ected among others in total factor productivity, is currently the key factor of economic growth and development, as well as an important determinant of thecompetitiveness of enterprises and economies. The fi rst part of the article shows the signifi cance of innovativeness as growth and development factor in economic theory and empirical research. The second part of the (...)
Krzysztof Beck, Jakub Janus (2016/1, Articles,
Similarity of Supply and Demand Shocks between Poland and Other EU Countries
The aim of this paper is to assess the correlation and relative magnitude of supply and demand shocks between Poland and other European Union (EU) countries, as well as to evaluate adjustments to economic shocks in these economies. The analysis is based on a bivariate structural vector autoregression (SVAR) with long-run restrictions derived from the aggregate demand-aggregate supply model (...)
Krzysztof Firlej (2016/1, Book Reviews,
Andrzej Czyżewski (2016/1, Book Reviews,
Monika Stanny: Spatial Differentiation of the Development of Rural Areas in Poland
Jakub Krawczyk, Szymon Filipczak (2015/6, Miscellanea,
The development of private equity finance in Poland and other CEE countries
The paper describes the development of private equity finance in Poland and in other CEE countries during the last 10 years. The first part of the paper discusses the main determinants of the development of the PE market, such as size and growth of the domestic economy, the development stage of the local capital market, legal regulations (notably as regards foreign investors), tax system (...)
Urszula Markowska-Przybyła (2015/5, Articles,
Using Functional Approach in the Assessment of Social Capital Resources in Poland
The concept of social capital is widely used and sometimes even abused), though the concept itself is quite vague and understood only intuitively. Nevertheless, it is assumed to be an important factor of economic growth and development. The major obstacle in empirical research is the difficulty in identifying and measuring social capital. These difficulties have their roots in the lack of a (...)
Marek Tomaszewski (2015/5, Miscellanea,
Outsourcing and Innovative Activity of Enterprises in the Selected Baltic States
Outsourcing is a change from the horizontal cooperation (coopetition) between enterprises to a vertical one. That is, the company, which up to now could be considered a competitor, changes into a supplier. It is worth remembering that the company that is to become a supplier can be either created anew or be an already existing one. This article presents an empirical analysis of the relation (...)
Barbara Liberda (2015/4, Articles,
Macroeconomic Savings in Poland
This paper examines trends and structural changes of macroeconomic savings in Poland in the period between 1996 and 2012, showing the rising share of nonfi nancial corporate sector savings in domestic savings and the declining share of macro households savings. The author analyzes the determinants of nonfi nancial corporate sector savings and households savings. A puzzle of diverging trends (...)
Karolina Konopczak, Aleksander Welfe (2015/4, Articles,
The Balassa-Samuelson Effect and the Mechanisms of Its Absorption
The Balassa-Samuelson effect and the effectiveness of the potential channels of its absorption require deeper research, especially with regard to the catching-up prospective members of the euro area. The analysis presented in the paper allows to assess the magnitude of infl ationary pressure resulting from the real convergence process and, hence, the risk of inadequacy of the common (...)
Piotr Masiukiewicz, Paweł Dec (2015/4, Articles,
Behavioral Aspects of Price Bubbles and the Ways of Their Disactivation
Speculative price bubbles in the assets markets were at the roots of many financial crises, including the last global financial and economic crisis. The aim of paper is to show the role of behavioural factors in the creation of a price bubble and the instruments necessary for its avoiding and disactivation. The authors analyse the mechanism of the formation of speculative bubbles and their (...)
Janusz Sawicki (2015/3, Articles,
The Game About the Economic and Monetary Union: Where Is the EMU Driving At?
The results of econometric estimation indicate that in the last few years the sensitivity of the exchange rates of the CEE-4 countries (Czech Republic, Poland, Romania and Hungary) to domestic business cycles decreased towards a relatively high influence of the global factors. It indicates that the cost of losing the monetary autonomy after the euro adoption in those countries may be lower (...)
Jakub Borowski, Krystian Jaworski (2015/3, Articles,
The results of econometric estimation indicate that in the last few years the sensitivity of the exchange rates of the CEE-4 countries (Czech Republic, Poland, Romania and Hungary) to domestic business cycles decreased towards a relatively high influence of the global factors. It indicates that the cost of losing the monetary autonomy after the euro adoption in those countries may be lower (...)
Łukasz Skowron, Stanisław Skowron, Marcin Gąsior (2015/3, Miscellanea,
The paper presents the results of surveys conducted among the business environments of the border area of Poland and Ukraine concerning their mutual opinions about their neighbour’s market. Senior managers and entrepreneurs from Polish companies located in Lublin Voivodeship provided their assessment of the Ukrainian market (413 respondents); by analogy, their Ukrainian counterparts from (...)
Justyna Witkowska, Aušrinė Lakštutienė (2015/3, Miscellanea,
Insurance Market in Poland and Lithuania: A Comparative Analysis
The paper presents on a comparative basis the development of the insurance market in Poland and Lithuania over the period 2001–2011. The analyses employs main indicators of the insurance activity, such as: the number of insurers, the number of insurance policies and their prices, sum total of insurance premiums, sum total of insurance compensations and benefits etc., and various relative (...)
Łucja Tomaszewicz (2015/3, Book Reviews,
Barbara Liberda, Cousiousness: Who Is Saving in Poland?
Grzegorz Ślusarz (2015/3, Book Reviews,
Marcin Woźniak (2015/1, Articles,
The paper attempts at the evaluation of the effects of the active labour market programs (ALMP) in Poland. The analysis covers the period between the 1st quarter of 2006 and the 4th quarter of 2012. In order to assess the effects of the ALMP on employment and unemployment, the author has estimated the matching function and analysed the impact of schooling and traineeship programs on pairing (...)
Bartłomiej Rokicki (2015/1, Articles,
Regional PPP Deflators for Poland and Their Use
The aim of the paper is to present the methodology to calculate regional PPP deflators and their use in the analysis of the regional differentiation of income or wage levels. The regional income dispersion is one of the key aspects in the discussion about an active regional policy, both on the country level and in the framework of the common regional policy of the EU. In the case of Poland (...)
Michał Konopczyński (2014/6, Articles,
The Effect of Taxation and Human Capital on Economic Growth in Poland
The paper deals with the active macroeconomic policy (AMP) (fi scal and monetary), both supply – and demand-oriented. The primary aim of the supply-side policy is to stimulate the growth of the productive capacity of the economy while the aim of the demandside policy is full utilization of this capacity. The AMP is non-arbitrary if its aim can be adequately defi ned, including the sectoral (...)
Jakub Kronenberg (2014/6, Articles,
Shale Gas in Poland and the Natural Resource Curse
The resource curse hypothesis postulates that, often, countries rich in natural resources are not able to fully exploit the economic potential of these resources. It has been observed that the more abundantly a country is endowed with resources, the greater is the likelihood of slow (or even negative) GDP growth rate in that country. The curse of natural resources can have different (...)
Wiesława Lizińska, Renata Marks-Bielska (2014/5, Articles,
Inflow of Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Development in Poland
With progressing economic globalization, increasing attention is attached in theories of economic growth to relationships with the world economy and the economic growth and development in particular countries. One of the elements involved in such relationships and the consequent impact on the economy of a host country is the international capital flow in the form of direct foreign (...)
Anna Tobolska (2014/5, Articles,
Foreign Direct Investments in Poland’s Industry: Sectoral and Spatial Structure
This paper seeks to analyse the sectoral and spatial structure of the inflow of foreign direct investment (FDI) to industry in Poland and to determine the extent of internationalisation of this sphere of the economy. Those issues are significant not only in cognitive terms, but they can also have implications for the country’s economy, in particular for its economic policy. In the first (...)
Aneta Hryckiewicz, Małgorzata Pawłowska (2014/4, Articles,
Changes in the Financial Supervision and Their Impact on the Financial System in the EU Countries
The aim of the paper is to assess various models of financial supervision existing in the world, trying to answer the question whether current changes in the shape of the supervision over financial markets can improve the effectiveness of the oversight and reduce the consequences of future crises. The paper brings two interesting conclusions. First, there is no single optimal model of (...)
Nikola Makojevic, Nikola Stefanovic, Petar Veselinovic (2014/4, Miscellanea,
Tomasz Michalski (2014/4, Book Reviews,
Marek Góra, Ryszard Rapacki (2014/4, Book Reviews,
Stanisław Owsiak (2014/4, Book Reviews,
Public Interest and Group Interests in the Polish Legislation
The paper presents the results of the research on the implementation of group interests in the legislative process in Poland, made on a sample of 1365 laws passed in 1990-2011. Two mutually related questions are analyzed: the state of the Polish legislation and the impact of various interest groups on the shape of law. The results of the research do not give a direct insight in the process (...)
Piotr Misztal (2014/3, Articles,
The Phenomenon of Inflation Persistence (Inertia) in Poland
The purpose of this study is to analyze the phenomenon of inflation persistence (inertia) in Poland. Inflation persistence is defined as a strong positive relationship between inflation in the current period and prior periods. This causes difficulties for monetary authorities to reduce inflation after its acceleration, and the necessary adjustments last longer and cause greater volatility (...)
Zdzisław Sadowski (2014/2, Articles,
Economic Development and Poverty
The increasing level of inequality in income distribution observable in world economic development is a serious threat for the future. What can be expected is gradual deterioration of average living conditions. One serious cause is population growth which is remembered but not discussed here. Attention is focused on the other active factor which is financialisation of the economic system (...)
Jerzy Osiatyński (2014/2, Articles,
Is Meeting the Convergence Criteria from Maastricht Always Beneficial for the Economy?
Until the world financial crisis of 2007–2008, the convergence criteria contained in the Maastricht Treaty have been commonly considered beneficial for countries that persistently observed them, although there is no economic theory from which those criteria and their specific numerical values could be derived from. Also in Poland an overwhelming majority of economists, policy makers and (...)
Marian Gorynia (2014/2, Articles,
The paper gives the analysis of the changing position of Poland’s economy in the global economy and the EU economy in the period of 2003–2012. The first part of the paper gives the analysis of the growth of GDP, exports and imports, and inward and outward flows of foreign direct investments against the background of the changes of the same variables. The second part presents the (...)
Andrzej K. Koźmiński (2014/2, Articles,
Management Development in Transition Economies
This paper examines impact of quality of management on growth in transition economies. Author refers to the World Management Survey results. Scores obtained by Poland in this study are explained. Sequential model of management development in transition economies is presented and explained. Cultural changes accompanying this process are examined more closely. Particular importance is (...)
Inflation in a Model with Endogenous Frequency of Price Changes
The key element in the contemporary DSGE models is the mechanism of nominal rigidity. Usually, the simple model developed by Calvo (1983) is used, which assumes purely random price changes. This approach does not explain the sources of price rigidity, and the condition of the economy does not affect the frequency of price updating. The paper presents an alternative model of price rigidity (...)
Rafał Warżała (2014/1, Miscellanea,
Morphology of Business Cycles in Poland
Stanisława Golinowska (2013/6, Articles,
Controversy about Health Care and Health Care Reforms
The article discusses the main dilemmas of the debate on the role of market and state in providing health care. The discussion is held in the context of the health reform package introduced in Poland in 2010-2011, which increased the share of private sector and commercial rules in health care institutions. The author recalls theoretical arguments about market and state failures in providing (...)
Leszek Morawski, Olga Pilipczuk (2013/6, Articles,
Motherhood and Wage Rates for Women in Poland
A low fertility and low participation rates of women in the Polish labor market justify the interest about the wage cost of motherhood. Using panel data from the European Survey of Income and Living Conditions in Poland for the period of 2005-2008, the authors estimate that the wage cost of the first child in the family (measured as the part of potential earnings lost by the mother (...)
Michał Gradzewicz, Jakub Growiec, Robert Wyszyński (2013/5, Articles,
The Inefficiency of Employment Allocation in the Business Cycle in Poland
The authors have calculated the cyclical component of the inefficiency gap regarding the allocation of employment in the Polish economy in the period 1995 Q1–2011 Q2 and decomposed the inefficiency gap into its component elements related to wage and price markups. Inefficiency gap was found to be strongly procyclical while both markups appeared to be anticyclical. The fluctuations in the (...)
Szymon Truskolaski (2013/4, Miscellanea,
Innovative Activity of Foreign Investors and Domestic Enterprises in Poland
Grażyna Kozuń-Cieślak (2013/3, Articles,
The Effectiveness of Public Investment in Human Capital
Human capital is one of the major factors responsible for economic development; investments made in the human capital add to the wealth of nations, accelerating civilization progress and increasing international competitiveness. The aim of the article is to assess the effectiveness of public investments in human capital in the EU member countries using the linear programming method called (...)
Marek Góra (2013/2, Book Reviews,
Joanna Tyrowicz, Histereza bezrobocia w Polsce (Unemployment Hysteresis in Poland)
Michał Konopczyński (2012/6, Articles,
The Effect of Taxation on Economic Growth
Using the AK growth model, the author analyses the effect of taxes on long term economic growth, assuming that all government expenditure is spent on public consumption. The author shows that in order to attain the highest possible growth rate, one has to eliminate all the taxes, both income tax and consumption taxes. He proves mathematically that indirect taxes are less detrimental to (...)
Waldemar Florczak (2012/6, Articles,
The research deals with operationalization of main macro-level theories of crime. Basing on annual data concerning property crimes in Poland in the years 1970–2008, and employing general to specific strategy of modeling, seven structural models were estimated whose specifications rest on the following theories of crime: social disorganization theory, anomie, social conflict, routine (...)
Tomasz Gajderowicz, Gabriela Grotkowska, Leszek Wincenciak (2012/5, Articles,
Wage Premium from Higher Education by Occupational Groups
The paper contains the analysis of the changing wage premium from higher education in Poland over the period of 1995–2009 in the context of changes in the educational structure of population and the general situation in the labour market. The authors have estimated relative wages of persons with higher education and the wage premium from higher education by broad occupational groups and (...)
Paweł Bukowski, Martyna Kobus (2012/5, Articles,
Educational Equality of Opportunity in Poland
Education is considered one of the best means in improving equality of opportunity. Based on the PISA 2003 database we evaluate educational equality of opportunity in Poland. Equality of opportunity holds if given eort (learning time) it is impossible to rank distributions of outcomes (performance in mathematics) according to circumstances (parental education level). We nd that the (...)
Marian Gorynia (2012/4, Articles,
The Evolution of Poland’s Position in the World Economy
The aim of this paper is to identify and evaluate major changes and trends in the significance of the Polish economy in the world economy in the years 1990–2010. In particular, the author tries to make a rough assessment of the changes in the role Poland plays in the international economic cooperation, in terms of foreign trade and foreign direct investment. The rise in the degree of (...)
Wiesława Przybylska-Kapuścińska (2012/4, Book Reviews,
Michał Brzoza-Brzezina, Poland’s Monetary Policy: Theoretical and Empirical Research
Maciej Bałtowski (2012/4, Book Reviews,
Liberal Premises of Economic Transformation in Poland, eds. Wacław Jarmołowicz, Katarzyna Szarzec
Marek Ratajczak (2012/3, Articles,
Financialisation of the Economy
Although financialisation is a well known idea in the foreign literature, it is still unrecognised in Poland. The aim of the paper is to clarify the concept of financialisation and discuss some relevant fields of interest. The article presents the notion of financialisation in a narrow sense identified with increasing significance of financial actions in non-financial agents’ economic (...)
Katarzyna Piłat (2012/3, Articles,
The Index of Optimum Currency Area for the Polish Economy
The theory of the optimum currency areas (OCA) is an important reference point in the analysis of monetary unions. The article presents the analysis of the synthetic OCA index based on the concept developed by Bayoumi and Eichengreen (1998), aimed to assess the conformity of several EU economies not yet included in the euro area with the requirements of the OCA theory as regards their (...)
Anna Gardocka-Jałowiec (2012/1, Articles,
R&D Expenditures and the Innovativeness of the Polish Economy
With the adoption of the Lisbon Strategy of 2000, Poland faced an ambitious task of stimulating research and development activities, which are undoubtedly the base of any innovative and competitive economy. The assumptions of the Lisbon Strategy, which were to be carried out by 2010, appeared to be too ambitious for Poland, as well as most other EU states. Now, with the adoption of the new (...)
Leszek Morawski, Michał Myck (2011/6, Articles,
Distributional Effects of the Child Tax Credit in Poland and Its Potential Reforms
distributional implications from the original policy proposals. While initially designed as an instrument addressed to low income working families, the tax credit was implemented without any upper earnings limit, and its generosity was substantially extended in 2007 implying an annual budgetary cost of about 0.5% of the GDP. The current design of the credit grants largest income gains in (...)
Jerzy Osiatyński (2011/5, Articles,
Preconditions of Poland’s Entry to the Euro Area
A ssuming that the European Economic and Monetary Union survives its current financial crisis, the author tries to answer the question what conditions Poland should meet prior to entering the eurozone that would enable it to maintain and strengthen its competitive position after the entry to the euro area. The ability of any free trade zone member country to sustain its competitive position (...)
Stanisław Urbański (2011/5, Articles,
Cross-Section Changes of Rates of Return on the Shares Traded on the Warsaw Stock Exchange
The paper presents an econometric CAPM model, which describes changes of rates of return on the shares traded on the Warsaw Stock Exchange. It analyses the components of systematic risk and risk premium vectors in the years preceding Poland’s accession to the European Union. The algorithm used for the description of rates of return combines hitherto Fama and French research and results from (...)
The potential accession to the euro zone is a very current issue for Poland. Its importance is increased by the consequences of the recent economic crisis that can be seen in the global economy and particularly in the economies of EU member states. The article presents some findings of studies carried out within the research project “Influence of the accession of Poland to the euro zone on (...)
The Long-term Effect of EURO 2012 on Poland’s Economy
The paper presents the assumptions and results of the forecast prepared by a research team concerning the impact of the UE FA European Football Championship EURO 2012 on the growth of the Polish economy in the period 2008–2010. The simulation of the possible macroeconomic effects of the championship on Poland’s economy, including three forecast variants, has been derived using a dynamic (...)
Dariusz Filar (2011/4, Book Reviews,
Jakub Borowski, Monetary Integration: A Challenge for Poland
Paweł Baranowski (2011/3, Articles,
The paper presents an analysis of the effects of monetary shocks on inflation and output in Poland. The analysis is based on a hybrid neo-Keynesian model with standard Taylor rule and with forward looking rule. The author considers the effects of both the expected and unexpected tightening of monetary policy. The results of the analysis show that: (a) the reactions of inflation and of the (...)
Joanna Tyrowicz, Joanna Nestorowicz (2011/3, Articles,
Age and Entrepreneurship During Transition
Studies of self-employment determinants comprise the effects of business cycle, changing social structures or legal framework, industrial organization regulations and government policies. The paper contributes to the empirical literature by analyzing the effects of trends and cyclical fluctuation on the development of self-employment in a transition economy. The authors estimate (...)
Piotr Misztal (2011/2, Articles,
Interdependence Between Budget and Current Account Deficits in Poland, 1999–2009
The basic aim of the article is theoretical and empirical analysis of the causal relationship between budget and current account deficits in Poland in the period 1999-2009. In the paper were used methods based on the literature study of international economics and international finance as well as econometric methods (Vector Error Correction Model - VECM). The results of investigation (...)
Natalia Nehrebecka (2011/2, Articles,
The paper presents an analysis, based on panel survey data for Poland for the years 1997–2000, of the transfers of persons aged 20-65 to full-employment status. The analysis is made using two-equation and three-equation probit model with endogenous switching. It focuses on the probability of entry to full-employment status. The results of the analysis indicate that the status of a given (...)
Wojciech Przychodzień (2011/2, Miscellanea,
Cyclical Fluctuation of GD P Growth in Poland, 1989–2009
Eugeniusz Kwiatkowski (2011/1, Articles,
Global Crisis and Labour Market in Poland and Other Countries of the Vyshehrad Group
The paper analyses the changes that appeared in labour markets in Poland and in other countries of the Vyshehrad during the global crisis of 2007–2009. Special consideration is given to the evolution of employment and unemployment. The analysis tries to assess the impact of global crisis on employment and unemployment and to explain the different reation of labour markets in the individual (...)
Andrzej Grzebieniak (2011/1, Miscellanea,
Reinsurance in Life Insurance Contracts in Poland, 1991–2009
Stanisław Swadźba (2011/1, Book Reviews,
Kazimierz Łaski, Jerzy Osiatyński, Jolanta Zięba (2010/6, Articles,
Factors of GDP Growth in Poland and the Czech Republic in 2009
First, the concept of public expenditure multiplier is redefined to allow for import intensity of exports, and its value is estimated for Poland and the Czech Republic in 2008–2009. Next, on the basis of effective demand model of economic dynamics, there follows a comparative analysis of GDP dynamics in the two countries in 2008-09 and of the factors that in 2009 made the rate of GDP growth (...)
Olga Lewicka (2010/6, Miscellanea,
Urszula Płowiec (2010/5, Articles,
On the Innovative Strength of Poland in the 2020 Perspective
What the rich countries primarily need to maintain their growth and welfare is stimulation of development by technological innovations. In the case of the less developed ones acceleration of development is much more difficult and needs a holistic and long-term approach. This is shown by what was achieved in economic theory of the institutional and neo (...)
Sławomir Juszczyk (2010/5, Articles,
Predicting Insolvency of Forwarding Enterprises
The aim of the paper is verification of the relevance of existing models for predicting insolvency of forwarding enterprises in the present economic conditions. It is shown that the existing insolvency prediction models have lost some of their forecasting utility. Therefore the author constructed a new discriminate analysis model for forwarding enterprises active in the present economic (...)
Sławomir I. Bukowski (2010/5, Miscellanea,
The Level of Integration of Stock Exchange in Poland with That of the Eurozone
Marta Götz (2010/4, Miscellanea,
Region Specific Income Differentiation in Poland and Germany
Andrzej Matysiak (2010/4, Discussions and polemics,
Maciej Bałtowski (2010/4, Discussions and polemics,
Aleksandra Parteka, Joanna Wolszczak-Derlacz (2010/3, Articles,
Wage Convergence in the European Union (1995–2005)
This paper presents empirical analysis of relative wage convergence in the group of 20 countries of enlarged EU (five New Member States: Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Hungary plus former EU15 economies) within the period 1995-2005. The study is based on recently released sector level data (12 manufacturing sectors) which allows us to analyze the convergence process concerning (...)
Andrzej Czyżewski, Piotr Kułyk (2010/2, Articles,
In the paper we present the role of dominating economic policy options and the macroeconomic environment in creating the economic situation of agriculture. The methodological assumptions and measurement methods of the changing economic policy options are first discussed. The empirical research results confirm the thesis that transformations which occur in the farming sector should be viewed (...)
Piotr Misztal (2010/1, Articles,
Main Determinants of the Trade Balance in Poland
The paper deals with short- and long-run relationship between trade balance and exchange rate, national income and money supply in the Poland. The elasticity, absorption and monetary approaches to the balance of payments of Poland are verified by using the Vector Autoregression Model (VAR). The results of this investigation show that national income and money supply played crucial role as (...)
Natalia Nehrebecka (2010/1, Miscellanea,
Analysis of Poverty in Poland 1997–2000 with the Application of Hazard Models
Bogusław Guzik (2009/6, Articles,
Investment and the rate of unemployment in the voivodships of Poland
The article presents an analysis of the relationship between the rate of unemployment and investment outlays not, as usual, on a country basis, but for individual voivodships (administrative regions of Poland). This approach made it possible to find some specific features of the influence of investment on unemployment in a variety of cases. Several types of models were evaluated in (...)
Zbigniew Czerwiński (2009/6, Book Reviews,
Mirosław Bochenek, Forerunners of mathematical economics in Poland
Henryk Domański, Artur Pokropek (2009/5, Articles,
Regional differentiation of the relationship between the level of education and income
In previous studies on market transition in post-communist societies the link was missing between macro-level regional differences and individuals’ incomes. This analysis, based on the Polish national sample from 2006, is aimed at casting light on regional variation in the influence of education on income levels. Building a conceptual framework based on the theory of human capital we (...)
Piotr Misztal (2009/4, Articles,
Exchange Rate Changes and Price Adjustments in Poland
The aim of the article is to present the influence of exchange rate changes on the price dynamics in Poland. Knowledge of the exchange rate pass-through to prices permits assessment of how exchange rates affect inflation and monetary policy. The phenomenon was found of an incomplete exchange rate pass-through to import, producer and consumer prices in Poland, in the short- and long-run (...)
Waldemar Florczak (2009/4, Articles,
Crime and Punishment. An Attempt to Quantify Macroeconomic Determinants of Crime in Poland
Identification and quantification – on a macro-level – of factors determining crime in Poland in the years 1970–2005 was carried out in the article, with an emphasis given to the deterrence effect. The narration is illustrated with appropriate examples, with Poland being a benchmark. At the stage of equations’ specification – which was supported by referring to recognized theories of crime (...)
Jan Jacek Sztaudynger (2009/2, Articles,
Family-based Social Capital and Economic Growth in Poland
Bożena Adamczyk-Kloczkowska, Michał Wojna (2009/2, Miscellanea,
Shortage Function as a Controlling Mechanism of Public System of Health Protection in Poland
Tatiana Fic (2009/1, Articles,
Business Cycle in the Economy of Poland. Observations Derived from Markov Chains
The article concentrates on the attempt to identify phases, turning points and the character of business cycle observed in Poland during 1995–2005. The switch-on and -off Markov models suggested by Hamilton (1989) have been applied. The obtained results indicate that during slowdown periods growth rate amounted to 2%, while during business prosperity the economy grew at the rate of 5.5% per (...)
Janusz Bilski, Małgorzata Janicka (2009/1, Miscellanea,
Conditions Associated with the Introduction of Poland’s Zloty into ERM II
Marcin Mucha (2009/1, Miscellanea,
Competitiveness of Poland’s Economy after it Enters the Eurozone
Bogusław Fiedor (2009/1, Book Reviews,
Urszula Płowiec (2008/6, Articles,
Innovativeness of Poland’s Economy and the National Strategy of Development
If Poland is to successfully face the challenges of globalization she should set out to build the society and the economy based on knowledge. The yardstick that measures advances in this field is constituted by the summary innovativeness index. Poland, however, among economies of UE occupies distant 23rd place. Poland’s Development Strategy and related to it Operational Programs for 2007 (...)
Andrzej Cieślik (2008/6, Articles,
How International Corporations Influence Poland’s Foreign Trade
The article aims at elucidating the role of international corporations in the fragmentation of manufacturing processes in Poland through the influence the former exert on the scale of bilateral trade of Poland with the economies of OECD. A theoretical model assuming full specialization of a vertically integrated corporation is used in the empirical analysis. The obtained results do not (...)
Tomasz Zalega (2008/6, Articles,
Households Earning Uncertain Incomes in the Light of Consumption Theories
Consumption in households that earn uncertain incomes, seen in the light of traditional and contemporary, strictly economic consumption theories is presented in the article. Empirical models that belong to the domain of consumer behavior studies were not included. Empirical data on 2000–2006 were supplied by Poland’s Statistical Office and describe consumption in households comprising (...)
Krystyna Piotrowska-Marczak (2008/6, Book Reviews,
Financial System in Poland, edited by Bogusław Pietrzak, Zbigniew Polański, Barbara Woźniak
Dorota Czykier-Wierzba (2008/6, Book Reviews,
Roman Sobiecki: Globalization and the Functions of Poland’s Agriculture
Jan Hagemejer, Jakub Michałek (2008/4, Articles,
The article is devoted to the analysis of potential impact of liberalization of trade in agricultural commodities (the Doha Round of WTO) on the economies of Poland and several other selected countries (Czech Republic, Slovakia, France, Brazil and the US). Three proposals on trade liberalization, submitted by European Communities, the US and G-20 (a group of developing countries) are (...)
Paweł Strawiński (2008/4, Miscellanea,
Profitableness of Studies in Poland. Model and Its Results
Stanisław Lis (2008/3, Articles,
Poland’s Accession to the Eurozone – Critical Analysis
The article contains the results of theoretical and empirical analysis of approaches and hypotheses that concern costs and benefits resulting from Poland’s accession to the eurozone. Comparative analysis indicates that the bottom line results of Poland joining the Economic and Currency Union should be – in the longer run – advantageous. The path leading Poland to eurozone seems to be (...)
Jerzy Żyżyński (2008/3, Articles,
Tax Rate as a Consequence of Economic Structure
The author addresses the issue of the influence of tax rate on income and consumption level within the scale of the whole economy as well as the degree to which it defines the scale of the budget. It is shown that tax rate does not influence the overall volume of revenues. It is stipulated that tax rate should be made dependent on the structure of the economy. The article demonstrates that (...)
Waldemar Florczak (2008/2, Articles,
Human Capital in Empirics of Growth Modeling
The article surveys empirical research into the influence of human capital upon economic growth. The literature of this topic is very rich, so the survey – can hardly be exhaustive. The main criterion of selection of the reported contributions was their rank in the state of art. The survey can prove useful while investigating the role of human capital in the economic growth of Poland as it (...)
Andrzej Sławiński (2008/1, Articles,
The Importance of Risk Factors Related to Poland’s Joining the ERM2 and the Euro Zone
Two issues related to Poland’s entry into ER M2 are analyzed in the first part of the article: 1) the factors behind zloty moderation after Poland joined the EU, and 2) how the Central Bank of Poland should conduct its monetary policy to stabilize the zloty within the ER M2 band. In the second part the main risks related to Poland’s entry into euro zone are analyzed. The main risk is seen (...)
Marian Gorynia, Tadeusz Kowalski (2008/1, Articles,
Global and Domestic Conditions Affecting the Operation of Businesses in Poland
The article aims to identify and assess the key external and internal macro conditions that influence the development of the Polish economy and companies, both, at present and in the future perespective. The first section is devoted to diagnosis of the current global macroeconomic environment. Emphasis has been put on the systemic conditions of globalization and the impact of globalization (...)
Stanisław Urban (2008/1, Book Reviews,
Wacław Wilczyński (2007/6, Articles,
Dilemmae of National Policies after 18 Years of Transformation
The breakthrough of 1989 has opened the way to democracy and to market economy. However the controversies concerning the shape of the future economic system last till today. The principles of economic liberalism crashed with ideas. The hopes for quick improvement of living conditions after 40 years of poverty did not help to choose the most promising economic system. After a short but very (...)
Tadeusz Kowalik (2007/6, Articles,
Transformation in Poland and Liberal Orientations
The successes of economic transformation in Poland were accompanied by a series of negative phenomena which emerged with greater intensity than in any other country in Central Europe and in the European Union. In terms of comparative economics, the most important features of the present socioeconomic order in Poland are the following: 1) massive and permanent unemployment; 2) slightly more (...)
Grzegorz W. Kołodko (2007/6, Articles,
Two-thirds of Success. Systemic Transformation in Poland and Lessons for the Future
Postsocialist transformation must be seen against the background of ongoing globalization. The progress toward institutional changes should be evaluated through the prism of their influence on country’s development abilities. In Poland, over eighteen years of comprehensive systemic shift, GDP has increased more than in any other postsocialist country. While judging the transformation (...)
Leszek Zienkowski (2007/6, Articles,
Determinants and Perspectives for Economic Growth in the Coming Years
Results of international comparisons that evaluate determinants of economic growth are presented at first. It is noted that Polish economy is located in each sphere at one of the lowest positions among referred to countries. That indicates the need for economic reforms – the most important relate to business conditions and to public finance. However the results of comparative studies (...)
Marek Belka (2007/6, Articles,
Enlargement of the European Monetary Union and the perspectives of economic development of Poland
Nowadays Poland possesses a comparative advantage arising from relatively lower production costs. However, it is apparent, that this advantage is fading away. The sources of the process lie, among others, in Poland’s exposure to manufactures from beyond the European Union, from countries that are developing more dynamically than Poland. This process is unavoidable. Moreover, our lower-cost (...)
Joanna Mackiewicz-Łyziak (2007/6, Miscellanea,
Inflation Target Strategies in Czech Republic, Poland and Hungary
Michał Kalecki (2007/5, Articles,
Unknown Report Written in 1939 (What Germany Can Get Out of Poland)
The article contains a hitherto unknown report written by M. Kalecki. The report has been compiled during Kalecki’s stay in England. The circumstances surrounding the inception and discovery of the document are explained in the note authored by professor Jan Toporowski.
Józef Misala (2007/5, Book Reviews,
Eugeniusz Kwiatkowski, Tomasz Tokarski (2007/4, Articles,
Regional Unemployment in Poland in 1995–2005
The article aims at the presentation of description and statistical analysis of regional differentiation of unemployment in Poland in years 1995–2005. Source data were taken from the Labour Force Survey. The authors analyze the impacts of both, the sectoral employment structures as well as the value added, on the regional rates of unemployment. In addition, it is attempted to explain the (...)
Michał Brzoza-Brzezina, Jacek Socha (2007/4, Articles,
Downward Nominal Wage Rigidity in Poland and Its Implications for the Monetary Policy
To test the hypothesis of downward nominal wage rigidity in Poland we used data from a survey of medium and large companies. We find relatively weak support for downward wage rigidity when average total compensation in an enterprise is analysed. However, since this result may be affected by job rotation, we propose a method for eliminating its impact. We find that downward wage rigidity (...)
Michał Gradzewicz, Jan Hagemejer (2007/4, Articles,
Monopolistic Markups and Returns to Scale in Poland. Evidence from the Firms Level
This article estimates returns to scale and monopolistic markups on a large sample of Polish firms in the manufacturing and services sectors during 1996–2004. Methodology based on instrumental variables allows joint estimation of both, scale elasticities as well as markups, while the unobserved changes in firm-specific productivities are under control. Results show significant and positive (...)
Joanna Dębicka, Edyta Mazurek (2007/3, Miscellanea,
The Duration of Temporary Unemployment on Labour Market in Poland
Piotr Pysz (2007/3, Book Reviews,
Zdzisław Sadowski: In the Search of Development Path. Thoughts on the Future of the World and Poland
Paweł Kozłowski (2007/3, Book Reviews,
Disputes over the Socio-economic System in Poland during 1944–1948
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